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How Do Planar Magnetic Headphones Work?

As compared to dynamic drivers, magnetic headphones with planar design have less distortion. This is due to the fact that the whole diaphragm is vibrating rather than only the part attached to the voice coil.

They also have a bigger soundstage, with better separation and differentiate capabilities. However, they do leak a bit more, requiring isolation to ensure that no one disturbs people around you.

The diaphragm

The diaphragm plays a crucial role in [almost] all transducers of sound (headphones and loudspeakers as well as microphones) that move air to produce sound. In headphones the diaphragm is suspended between two magnets and creates an electromagnetic field when activated by audio signals. In a planar magnetic headphone the electric current from the source of the headphone is transmitted to the diaphragm via a coil. The coil creates an electromagnetic field that causes the diaphragm to move.

The diaphragm suspension is composed of titanium, neodymium or other synthetic materials. This allows the diaphragm to resonate with your ear at different frequency. Planar magnetic headphones can provide high SPLs without sounding distorted.

In addition to the ability to reproduce high SPLs and high SPLs, planar magnetic headphones also provide a more immersive soundstage. The reason is that the diaphragm's flat shape creates the sound wavefront in a planar manner, instead of the focused spherical wavefronts that are found in the majority of dynamic drivers. In turn, the headphones produce a more natural soundstage that's easier to localize.

Another advantage of the planar magnetic headphones is their excellent transient response. This is the ability to recreate peaks that last only a few seconds in audio signals, How Do Planar Magnetic Headphones Work such as the cymbal crash and kick drum strikes. The size of the diaphragm and the fact that it is able to move evenly across its surface means that there is no distortion at these peak frequencies.

However, the planar magnetic headphones have a few drawbacks which should be taken into account when selecting a set. One of the primary reasons why they cost more is that they tend to be significantly larger than their dynamic counterparts. This is mainly due to the design of their motors, which can be quite complex, How Do Planar Magnetic Headphones Work and also the history of the brand behind them.

Fortunately, there are some fantastic, low-cost planar magnetic headphones that can be purchased at less than $100. They are available in open-back and close-back designs. You can pick the one that is most suitable for your listening preferences. The HIFIMAN Arya Stealth Magnets Edition and Audeze LCD-2 Classics are some of the top choices available.

The voice coil

Planar magnetic headphones offer exceptional clarity and precision across the entire range of frequencies. This is largely due to their flat, thin diaphragm that's sandwiched between two arrays magnets. When an electrical signal is sent by your audio source the conductive material windings in the voice coil interact with the magnetic field, causing the diaphragm's surface to vibrate, producing sound waves.

The planar-type driver benefits from the fact that every vibration occurs at the same frequency and is uniform regardless of the location of the diaphragm in the magnetic field. This produces a more consistent and uniform sound with less distortion. It is also easier for the ear. In contrast dynamic drivers tend to produce a more spherical sound wavefront that's less uniform and can be distracting.

Planar magnetic drivers, due to their working method require a more powerful amplifying system. They also tend to be heavier and bulkier because they have to accommodate an extra large, flexible diaphragm. They require an external amplifier or DAC for power to them.

In addition the planar magnetic drivers are much more expensive than their dynamic counterparts since they are typically constructed from top-quality materials. In recent years, however a few HiFi audio headphone makers have revived this old technology. We're seeing a range of new headphones featuring planar magnet drivers that offer an excellent listening experience.

As with everything else in life, the choice between planar magnetic and dynamic headphones is based on your personal preferences and budget. Planar magnetic headphones have a somewhat larger sound stage than dynamic models, and are renowned for their incredible detail and accuracy. Dynamic headphones are more expensive but they have a heftier bass and a warmer sound signature.

In general, dynamic driver headphones have a little more slam and punch than the planar magnetic ones, but the differences are not always noticeable to most listeners. They are also better at imaging and distinction. There are some exceptions to the rule. Some excellent planar-magnetic headsets can be bought at affordable cost.

Magnets

In a typical headphone with a dynamic driver the electrical signals sent by your audio source go through a coil of conductory material that interacts with the magnetic fields in the driver. They are used to make the diaphragm flat and create sound waves. Planar magnetic headphones on the other hand are made up of a thin sheet of conductive material, which is sandwiched between two powerful magnets. They're more difficult to produce and that's why they're more expensive.

They are also heavier and larger due to their design which means they require more space around the drivers. They also consume more power than their more dynamic counterparts which means that they'll require an amp specifically designed for headphone use to maximize their performance. This isn't an issue every time, but it's worth considering when selecting these headphones.

While this may not be the case for all headphones. However, many of the best planar magnetic headphones will offer a more open and airy sound than their more dynamic counterparts. This gives them the impression that they are in a bigger space, which can be appealing to certain listeners. The soundstage they provide is also a bit larger and can be useful when listening to music in a group.

The open-back design is a popular choice for many small-scale headphone brands, such as the likes of HiFiMAN and Audeze. They're not as popular as closed-back headphones but they're an excellent way to experience planar magnetic technology. The HiFiMAN Sundara, for example is a great way to feel the speed, precision and clarity of these headphones.

The housing

If you're an audiophile, or simply someone who loves music, odds are you've heard of the planar magnetic headphones. They sport a unique look, with an elongated diaphragm that is embedded within the headphone. They are available in open-back and over-ear models. These headphones are not just distinctive in design, but they also work on a different principle than dynamic drivers.

Unlike the traditional moving coil driver that relies on a voice coil to generate sound waves Planar magnetic headphones employ magnets that move the diaphragm back and forth in order to generate sound. These arrays can be placed on either or both sides depending on the design. The magnets are activated when an electrical signal travels through the voice coil, causing it to vibrate. The vibrations generate magnetic fields that interact with magnets on either end of the diaphragm. The interactions cause the diaphragm to pull and push against the magnetic fields. The audio signal is represented in sound waves.

Because of this, headphones made of planar magnetics typically sound richer and have better bass extension capabilities. The large, flat diaphragm responds much faster to changes in input signals, which means they are able to respond more quickly to bass response, and are less prone to distortion. This gives them a more precise, tight audio quality that some audiophiles enjoy.

These headphones are capable of reproducing higher frequencies, but do not have the slam and punch modern dynamic driver headphones can provide. Therefore, they may be a bit more difficult to listen to by those who want to use them to listen to metal or hard rock music.

Planar magnetic headphones are expensive due to their distinctive design. They also require a specific amplifier and digital audio converters to provide power to the drivers. Some consumers may find that the price of these headphones is higher, but they think it's worth it. There are other kinds of headphones available for those who don't need to spend a lot.