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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You've probably heard that different types produce different flavors. Learn about four of the most widely used varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are one of the varieties of Liberica that is cultivated exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a more fruity, more tart flavor profile and are often used in coffee blends for added depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the most sought-after premium coffee beans in the world accounting for 75% of the world's coffee beans produced. Arabica beans are milder and have a sweeter taste than Robusta, and come in a variety profiles. The aroma and taste of coffee is affected by the conditions in which it is grown and the processing methods employed.

The word "coffee" actually derives from the Arabic word for berry and coffee beans are actually fruit seeds that grow inside bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats became energized after eating these berries, and that the cultivation of coffee quickly began to spread throughout the world.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes, and they are capable of flourishing in cold temperatures and plenty of rain. This is one of the reasons for why Arabica is considered to be the best tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters focus on ethically sourced arabica beans, and focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies typically blend arabica beans to create unique signature coffees that can be used in many brewing methods. Blending allows for control over the aroma, flavor and body of the speciality coffee beans and is typically preferred to create a consistent and balanced taste that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most commonly used variety of coffee bean cultivated worldwide. They have a higher caffeine content per bean than Arabica, and are more resistant to diseases and pests. They also have higher levels of chlorogenic acids that are antioxidants naturally found in. These acids can cause oxidation in the brewing process, and can result in undesirable flavors.

The plant is more resilient than the arabica and can grow in less favorable conditions. It can tolerate higher temperatures and does well in direct sunlight. It grows faster and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, which makes it a more cost-effective plant to cultivate.

While it may seem counterintuitive the fact is that arabica and Robusta beans are often blended together to create coffee blends. If you see names such as Uganda or Kenya on a coffee bag it's possible that there's also some robusta.

Most roasters use a mixture of arabica and coffee beans to lower costs and preserve the quality. To ensure the integrity of the flavor you should select a high quality bean from a trusted source. The best way to achieve this is to purchase your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football shaped, which makes them distinct from other coffee bean types. They have a scent that is fruity, floral and smokey. They are often added to other bean varieties to create an extra, stronger flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as and in Southeast Asia. They are tolerant of hot, humid climates and are able to grow at low altitudes. They are also more resistant to disease than Arabica or Robusta.

These qualities make them ideal for home cultivation. You can purchase seeds from numerous sources. However, it's best to buy the beans from local producers in order to ensure the highest quality. The best conditions for growing Liberica coffee are fertile, deep volcano soils with a pH that is moderately acidic as well as sufficient annual rainfall.

Another type of good coffee Beans bean is Excelsa which was previously thought to be a separate species, but was re-classified as an alternative to Liberica. These coffee beans in bulk beans are oval-shaped and are found on large coffee plants, which can grow to 20-30 feet in height at moderate altitudes. They have a distinct taste that is both tart and fruity which has made them a preferred selection in blends for house. They have a less pronounced aroma and caffeine content than Arabica or Robusta but they still have a distinctive depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most popular type of coffee beans, Excelsa beans aren't quite as easy to find as Arabica or Robusta. They were considered to be a different coffee plant species until 2006, when they were reclassified to be a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. Today, they're grown mainly in Southeast Asia and account for 7 percent of the world's coffee production. These coffee beans are shaped as a teardrop and possess a dark, eerie taste. They're often used in blends to add body and a luscious tart, ripe fruit taste.

Arabica beans are the most popular, and are well-known for their more sweetness. They thrive best at high altitudes and enjoy warm, tropical climates. They also have a touch of acidity. If brewed correctly and roast they may be flavored with notes of nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most adored strong coffee beans in the world and is responsible for 40% of the coffee consumed around the world. Robusta beans are more round and smaller, but they have twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and are more likely to have earthy and woody overtones.

After you've learned about the four most common types of wholesale coffee beans uk beans and the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to select the perfect cup. If you prefer an elegant and delicate taste opt for an arabica or a blend comprised of arabica beans and robusta beans.