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Identify which ball will act as your striking ball and which will be pocketed as a result. The player must then play away from that ball without moving it or else the player will concede penalty points. Professional and competitive amateur matches are officiated by a referee, who is charged with ensuring the proper conduct of players and making decisions "in the interests of fair play". Unlike traditional racks, template racks are left on the table during the break shot and removed at the players' earliest convenience. A modern variation, called a template rack, is made from a thin material (usually 0.14 mm or less) that contains precision cut-outs to hold the balls in place. Purported benefits of template racks include a more consistent racking, and their popularity has warranted specific inclusion in profession rules. A player wins a frame by scoring more points than their opponent. When the final ball is potted, the player with the most points wins the frame.

If both players agree, the balls are returned to their starting positions and the frame is restarted (known as a "re-rack"), with the same player taking the break-off shot as before. At the start of a frame, the object balls are positioned on the table as shown in illustration A. Starting with the cue ball in the "D", the first player executes a break-off shot by striking the cue ball with the tip of their cue, aiming to hit any of the red balls in the triangular pack. Rack may also be used as a verb to describe the act of setting billiard balls in their starting positions (e.g. "to rack the balls"), or as a noun to describe a set of balls that are in their starting positions (e.g. "a rack of balls", more often called a pack or a pyramid in British English). You should already be able to distinguish between an unset pin that isn't binding, an already set pin, and a pin that is binding.

If you're having trouble, you may be pushing adjacent pins up past the shear line as you pick a pin, causing them to be overset even before they start to bind. If I asked you to drill a ball straight ahead or nearly so fairly hard into a distant pocket while sending the cue ball forward past impact exactly one diamond's distance across the table, could you do it? These are shots that are designed to make playing a legal shot harder, such as leaving another ball between the cue ball and the object ball. Points in snooker are gained from potting the object balls in the correct sequence. It is typically the only ball that makes contact with your pool cue and is used to knock the other object balls into the pool table pockets. Unless you plan on practicing swerve, keep the cue stick level when applying English. Each player has a cue stick (or simply a "cue"), not less than 3 ft (91.4 cm) in length, which is used to strike the cue ball. The tip of the cue must only make contact with the cue ball and is never used for striking any of the reds or colours directly.

Snooker accessories include: chalk for the tip of the cue, used to help apply spin on the cue ball; various sorts of rest, such as the swan or spider for playing shots that are difficult to play by hand; extensions for lengthening the cue stick; a triangle for racking the reds; and a scoreboard which is typically attached to a wall near the snooker table. The cue ball, as always, is white. If, after a foul, the next player cannot cleanly strike both sides of the object ball, the referee may call a free ball, allowing the player to nominate any other ball in place of the object ball they might normally have played. Failure to make contact with a red ball constitutes a foul, which results in penalty points being awarded to the opponent. If dissatisfied with the position left after a foul, the next player may nominate the opponent who committed the foul to play again from where the balls have come to rest. At the end of each shot, the cue ball remains in the position where it has come to rest (unless it has entered a pocket, where it is returned to the "D") ready for the next shot.

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